What defines a sample space in probability?

• A. The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment
• B. A specific outcome of an experiment
• C. The average of all outcomes in an experiment
• D. The most likely outcome of an experiment

Answer: (A)

A sample space in probability is defined as the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. This concept is fundamental in probability theory because it provides a complete view of what could happen within a given experiment. For example, if you were to flip a coin, the sample space would consist of two potential outcomes: heads and tails. By clearly identifying the sample space, one can effectively analyze probabilities related to different events within that experiment.

The other options do not capture the comprehensive nature of a sample space. A specific outcome refers to just one result from the experiment, while the average of all outcomes and the most likely outcome do not encompass all potential results, which is necessary for defining the sample space accurately. Thus, focusing on the complete set of outcomes is what makes the definition robust and useful in probability analysis.